# Sharif Haason

> Product engineer at Monark Markets writing about Rust, compiler systems, mathematical research, quantitative finance, and practical tools. This is the canonical public site; each article carries its date, topics, and source attribution.

## Start here

- [Home](https://sharifhsn.dev/): Sharif Haason is a product engineer at Monark Markets writing about Rust, compiler systems, mathematical research, and practical tools.
- [Writing index](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/): Long-form writing, course notes, and technical explanations by Sharif Haason.
- [Projects](https://sharifhsn.dev/projects/): Selected software, research, and practical tools by Sharif Haason.
- [Resume](https://sharifhsn.dev/resume/): The professional resume of Sharif Haason, a product engineer at Monark Markets.
- [RSS feed](https://sharifhsn.dev/feed.xml): Atom feed for the writing archive.
- [JSON feed](https://sharifhsn.dev/feed.json): JSON Feed 1.1 representation of the writing archive.
- [Structured writing index](https://sharifhsn.dev/api/posts.json): JSON metadata for every article, with stable article-data URLs.
- [Structured projects](https://sharifhsn.dev/api/projects.json): JSON metadata for the selected projects shown on the projects page.
- [Structured profile](https://sharifhsn.dev/api/profile.json): Public profile, social links, resume downloads, and discovery URLs.
- [Agent manifest](https://sharifhsn.dev/.well-known/agent.json): Read-only discovery manifest for machine clients.
- [Web app manifest](https://sharifhsn.dev/manifest.webmanifest): Browser-installable site metadata and icon information.
- [Security contact](https://sharifhsn.dev/.well-known/security.txt): Machine-readable vulnerability reporting policy.
- [OpenAPI description](https://sharifhsn.dev/api/openapi.json): OpenAPI 3.1 description of the structured read endpoints.
- [Full writing corpus](https://sharifhsn.dev/llms-full.txt): The complete public writing corpus as Markdown with article metadata.
- [Sitemap](https://sharifhsn.dev/sitemap.xml): Machine-readable list of canonical pages.

## Writing

- [A New Chapter: Graduation and a New Role at Monark](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2026-04-01-a-new-chapter-graduation-and-a-new-role-at-monark/): I'm thrilled to make two major announcements: I have completed my Master's in Financial Engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology, and I am starting a new role at Monark Mar… Date: 2026-04-01T14:42:17.714Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Career, Personal.
- [The December Fed Meeting: What to Watch](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-12-10-the-december-fed-meeting-what-to-watch/): The December Fed meeting is today! Despite the worrying lack of data, the market is confident that rates will be cut by 25 bps, with the FedWatch tool giving a 87.6% chance for a c… Date: 2025-12-10T11:00:16.071Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Central Banking, Monetary Policy.
- [Why 50-Year Mortgages Fall Short](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-11-15-why-50-year-mortgages-fall-short/): Federal Housing Finance Agency director Bill Pulte recently floated a big potential change to the mortgage market: 50 year mortgages. Unfortunately, these aren’t realistic. Date: 2025-11-15T14:30:01.051Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Housing, Public Policy.
- [Jefferies and First Brands: What the Trade Debt Means](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-10-09-jefferies-and-first-brands-what-the-trade-debt-means/): "Jefferies Fund Has $715 Million in First Brands Group, LLC’ Trade Debt"... but what does that exactly mean? Date: 2025-10-09T14:28:33.464Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Credit, Financial Markets.
- [Why Rate Cuts Won't Fix a Labor Supply Shock](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-09-09-why-rate-cuts-won-t-fix-a-labor-supply-shock/): Interest rate cuts won't relieve a labor supply shock: with lessons from energy and housing crises. Date: 2025-09-09T19:37:25.419Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Monetary Policy, Labor Markets.
- [Oil Prices and the Energy Provisions in the One Big Beautiful Bill](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-07-03-energy-provisions-one-big-beautiful-bill/): Great video about oil prices from experts in commodities. Date: 2025-07-03T18:00:26.040Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Energy Policy, Fiscal Policy.
- [Neural Networks Aren't Impressive on Their Own](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-06-07-neural-networks-aren-t-impressive-on-their-own/): Neural networks AREN'T impressive... Date: 2025-06-07T19:26:59.305Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: AI, Machine Learning.
- [The Case for Structured Errors in Rust](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-05-28-the-case-for-structured-errors-in-rust/): I found this article on structured errors insightful. Although it is focused on Rust, the explanations of the direct benefits of encoding information about the failure surface of c… Date: 2025-05-28T18:20:44.156Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Rust, Software Engineering.
- [Rust's `subsecond` Crate Brings Hot Reloading](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-05-28-rust-s-subsecond-crate-brings-hot-reloading/): Rust's subsecond crate is a game changer for application and game development in Rust! Its innovative hotpatching method enables hot reloading for select libraries. Date: 2025-05-28T18:00:05.331Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Rust, Developer Tools.
- [What a U.S. Credit Rating Downgrade Means](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-05-17-what-a-u-s-credit-rating-downgrade-means/): Moody's has downgraded the US's credit rating from the best (Aaa) to second-best (Aa1), sending the markets into a buzz. But what does it mean to downgrade a credit rating? Date: 2025-05-17T15:52:46.770Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Fiscal Policy, Credit Ratings.
- [Rust at 10: Why I've Followed the Language](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-05-16-rust-at-10-why-i-ve-followed-the-language/): Rust turns 10! In honor of this momentous anniversary, I'd like to reflect on what Rust means to me, and why I have followed it for so long. Date: 2025-05-16T17:38:11.094Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Rust, Programming Languages.
- [Copulas and Portfolio Risk](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-14/): Ending early today because the Pacers are playing tonight Date: 2025-04-29. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Copulas, Value at Risk, Expected Shortfall.
- [Counterparty Risk-Weighted Assets](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/counterparty-risk-weighted-assets/): The risk-weighted-assets notes translate counterparty exposure into a capital calculation. The exposure-at-default measure is combined with a risk weight or a model-based capital r… Date: 2025-04-28. Source: FE-635 \| Risk Engineering. Topics: FX, Counterparty Risk, Risk-Weighted Assets.
- [Multi-Name Credit Risk](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-13/): This is going to be a basic introduction, this is a complex topic to cover comprehensively. Date: 2025-04-24. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Credit, Copulas, Dependence Modelling, Multi-Name Credit Risk.
- [Neural Networks and Credit Ratings](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-13/): This is an idea that was created in the 50s, exploded in the 90s, where it was called neural networks. A lot of development on the brain happened, so ANN was a term to distinguish … Date: 2025-04-22. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Neural Networks, Backpropagation, Credit Ratings, Volatility Estimation.
- [XVA and Counterparty Risk](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/xva-and-counterparty-risk/): The XVA section adds counterparty and funding effects to an otherwise clean derivative value. CVA is the expected loss from counterparty default on positive exposure; FVA captures … Date: 2025-04-21. Source: FE-635 \| Risk Engineering. Topics: FX, XVA, Counterparty Risk.
- [Why Federal Reserve Independence Matters](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-04-18-why-federal-reserve-independence-matters/): Trump is threatening the independence of the Federal Reserve. But why does this even matter? And what does the Fed even do? Date: 2025-04-18T16:23:13.160Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Central Banking, Monetary Policy.
- [Dependence and Copulas](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-12/): Relevant variables for these credits Date: 2025-04-17. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Credit, Dependence, Copulas.
- [Euler–Milstein and Monte Carlo Extensions](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-12/): We will expand on the variance reduction techniques, we will repeat a couple things from last week. Date: 2025-04-15. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Euler–Milstein, Monte Carlo, Control Variates, Correlated Processes.
- [Vietnam and the Tariff Shock](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-04-14-vietnam-and-the-tariff-shock/): The biggest loser of the tariffs, the tragedy of the "miracle on the Mekong": Vietnam 🇻🇳 Date: 2025-04-14T15:40:44.045Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Tariffs & Trade, Trade Policy.
- [The Big Short and the Boring Cause of the 2008 Crisis](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-04-12-the-big-short-and-the-boring-cause-of-the-2008-crisis/): I rewatched The Big Short last night, and realized that they sensationalized a pretty boring reason that the 2008 crisis happened. Date: 2025-04-12T18:25:14.194Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Financial Markets, Housing.
- [Romania's Export-Driven Debt Strategy as a Warning](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-04-11-romania-s-export-driven-debt-strategy-as-a-warning/): Trump's policy of reducing the national debt through an export-driven economy has parallels to 1980s Romania—and it doesn't end well. Date: 2025-04-11T15:38:23.906Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Sovereign Debt, Fiscal Policy.
- [China's Tariff Strategy and the One-Punch Proverb](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-04-10-china-s-tariff-strategy-and-the-one-punch-proverb/): An old Chinese proverb contains the key to understanding their tariff strategy: 打得一拳开 免得百拳来 Date: 2025-04-10T13:30:12.308Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Tariffs & Trade, Trade Policy.
- [Structured Credit and CDOs](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-11/): Last day of class is Thursday, May 8\. Date: 2025-04-10. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Credit, CDOs, Structured Credit, Tranches, Synthetic CDOs.
- [Why Crashing the Economy Won't Work](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-04-09-why-crashing-the-economy-won-t-work/): The secret plan behind crashing the economy—and why it can’t work 😴 Date: 2025-04-09T01:35:45.991Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Macroeconomics, Monetary Policy.
- [Monte Carlo and Variance Reduction](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-11/): We will cover this stuff in two different lectures. Today is Monte Carlo 1. Date: 2025-04-08. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Monte Carlo, Variance Reduction, Control Variates, Asian Options.
- [Misinformation in Volatile Markets](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-04-07-misinformation-in-volatile-markets/): Misinformation becomes especially dangerous in volatile markets... 😱 Date: 2025-04-07T19:31:32.998Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Financial Markets, Misinformation.
- [Documentation Is the Key to Vibe Coding](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-04-05-documentation-is-the-key-to-vibe-coding/): Documentation is the key to vibe coding success! Date: 2025-04-05T19:46:48.390Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: AI, Software Engineering.
- [Rust 1.86: `get_disjoint_mut`](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-04-03-rust-1-86-get-disjoint-mut/): Rust 1.86.0 has been released, with a very nice ergonomic feature to get around the borrow checker: get_disjoint_mut Date: 2025-04-03T18:41:40.946Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Rust, Programming Languages.
- [Credit Default Swap Valuation](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-10/): We discussed the mechanics of CDS a bit, and then started on the valuation. So let’s discuss the valuation in more details. Date: 2025-04-03. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Credit, Credit Default Swaps, CDS Valuation, Premium Leg, Protection Leg.
- [Calibration and SDE Parameter Estimation](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-10/): Parameter estimation for stochastic differential equations. Date: 2025-04-01. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Calibration, Maximum Likelihood, Stochastic Differential Equations, Parameter Estimation.
- [CDS and Credit Markets](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/cds-and-credit-markets/): The FE-635 syllabus turns to credit as a traded asset through credit default swaps. A CDS exchanges a premium leg for protection against a defined credit event. The buyer pays the … Date: 2025-03-31. Source: FE-635 \| Risk Engineering. Topics: FX, CDS, Credit Markets.
- [The Cost of AI-Generated Images](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-03-28-the-cost-of-ai-generated-images/): New AI images stun the world 🤯 but are they worth the cost? 🤔 Date: 2025-03-28T13:00:08.066Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: AI, Creative Work.
- [Hazard Rates and Credit Default Swaps](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-09/): Lambda hazard rate is convenient to work with. Date: 2025-03-27. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Credit, Hazard Rates, Recovery Rates, Credit Default Swaps.
- [Midterm Cheat Sheet](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-midterm-cheat-sheet/): Handwritten midterm reference for quadrature and Black-Scholes notation; several formulas are unclear in the source render. Date: 2025-03-25. Source: Handwritten CheatSheet.xopp; Drive-modified 2025-03-29. Approximate date within the Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance Docs history cluster (2025-01-21 through 2025-05-15).. Topics: Computational Methods, Midterm, Quadrature, Numerical Integration, Midpoint Rule, Simpson's Rule, Black-Scholes, Partial Differential Equations, Free Boundary.
- [GARCH Risk Statistics](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/garch-risk-statistics/): The risk-statistics portion of FE-635 introduces GARCH as a way to model time-varying volatility. Returns may have little serial correlation while their squared returns cluster: ca… Date: 2025-03-24. Source: FE-635 \| Risk Engineering. Topics: FX, GARCH, Volatility Estimation.
- [LIBOR Market Model and Hazard Rates](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-08/): The LIBOR Market Model (or Brace-Gatarek-Musiela Model) Date: 2025-03-20. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Fixed Income, LIBOR Market Model, Interest Rate Models, Hazard Rates.
- [Stochastic Volatility, Jumps, and Fourier Transforms](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-09/): Theoretical transformations, very technical Date: 2025-03-18. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Stochastic Volatility, Jump Processes, Poisson Process, Fourier Transform.
- [Short-Rate Calibration and HJM](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-07/): We’ll look specifically at Vasicek and CIR. Then we will make some remarks on the Hull-White two factor model, then some more complex model. Date: 2025-03-13. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Fixed Income, Calibration, Vasicek, Cox-Ingersoll-Ross, Hull-White, HJM.
- [American Options and Cubic Splines](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-07/): Cubic Splines, you solve something that is like a tridiagonal system Date: 2025-03-11. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, American Options, Linear Complementarity, Successive Over-Relaxation, Cubic Splines.
- [FX Volatility Smiles and Uncertainty](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/fx-volatility-smiles-and-uncertainty/): The next FE-635 notes explain why a single Black–Scholes volatility is not enough for an FX market. Discrete hedging creates P&L even when the model's inputs are correct, and volat… Date: 2025-03-10. Source: FE-635 \| Risk Engineering. Topics: FX, Volatility, Smiles.
- [Hull–White Interest Rate Trees](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-06/): This will be focused on numerical methods, next week we will have more examples. Date: 2025-03-06. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Fixed Income, Hull-White Model, Trinomial Trees, Interest Rate Models.
- [Crank–Nicolson and the Heston Model](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-06/): Don’t use AI, you won’t learn anything. Date: 2025-03-04. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Crank-Nicolson, Linear Systems, Heston Model, Finite Differences.
- [Finite-Difference Sketches](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-finite-difference-sketches/): A handwritten finite-difference sketch with A/B/C labels; surrounding equation notation is unclear in the source render. Date: 2025-03-04. Source: Handwritten FiniteDifference.xopp and matching autosave, byte-for-byte identical by SHA-256; Drive-modified 2025-03-04. Approximate date within the Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance Docs history cluster (2025-01-21 through 2025-05-15).. Topics: Computational Methods, Finite Differences, Grid Sketch, Numerical Methods.
- [FX Discrete Hedging and Greeks](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/fx-discrete-hedging-and-greeks/): The FE-635 notes move from an ideal continuous hedge to the discrete hedges used in practice. A delta hedge removes the first-order response to an FX move at one instant; between r… Date: 2025-03-03. Source: FE-635 \| Risk Engineering. Topics: FX, Greeks, Discrete Hedging.
- [Constant Maturity Swaps and Short-Rate Models](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-05/): Timing and quanto adjustments, we also looked at nonstandard swaps, LIBOR for LES? Another kind of nonstandard swap is… Date: 2025-02-27. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Fixed Income, Constant Maturity Swaps, Short Rate Models, Vasicek, Cox-Ingersoll-Ross, Hull-White.
- [Differential Equations and PDE Methods](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-05/): Finite difference methods to approximate PDEs this week Date: 2025-02-25. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Differential Equations, PDEs, Finite Differences, Black-Scholes.
- [Black–Scholes Pricing for FX](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/fx-black-scholes-pricing/): The FE-635 workbook implements Black–Scholes-style pricing for calls, puts, forwards, and deposits. Its inputs separate the domestic discount rate from the foreign rate, because an… Date: 2025-02-24. Source: FE-635 \| Risk Engineering. Topics: FX, Black–Scholes, Option Pricing.
- [Interest Rate Adjustments and Currency Swaps](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-04/): We may have to make some adjustments when we value interest rate derivatives. These are convexity, timing, and quant adjustments. We will see when it is appropriate to make these a… Date: 2025-02-20. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Fixed Income, Interest Rate Derivatives, Convexity Adjustment, Timing Adjustment, Change of Numeraire, Currency Swaps.
- [PBMs Under Fire: What CVS's Response Leaves Out](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-02-18-pbms-under-fire-what-cvs-s-response-leaves-out/): Trump has taken aim at pharmacy benefit managers, and the response from the industry seems to be… duck and cover. Prem Shah, executive VP at CVS, responded to skepticism on #Bloomb… Date: 2025-02-18T16:47:24.726Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Healthcare, Public Policy.
- [Trinomial Trees, Dividends, and Greeks](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-04/): I posted an assignment, this assignment is due this week on Sunday. Let’s just talk about the homework. Date: 2025-02-18. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Trinomial Trees, Dividends, Greeks, Finite Differences.
- [Bond Options, Caps, Floors, and Swaptions](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-03/): We’re going to look at bond options, caps and floors, and everything about swaptions. Depending on time, we may go forward. Date: 2025-02-13. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Fixed Income, Interest Rate Derivatives, Bond Options, Black Model, Caps and Floors, Swaptions.
- [Tree Approximation and American Options](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-03/): We’re not going to use the arbitrage method, we are going to use the forest methods. Date: 2025-02-11. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Binomial Trees, Option Pricing, American Options, Barrier Options.
- [FX Parity and Forward Trading](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/fx-parity-and-forward-trading/): The FE-635 notes begin with the distinction between spot and forward FX. The forward rate is the exchange rate implied by borrowing in one currency, lending in the other, and carry… Date: 2025-02-10. Source: FE-635 \| Risk Engineering. Topics: FX, FX Parity, Forward Contracts.
- [Yield Curves and Bootstrapping](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-02/): We started to look at interest rates. In the first part we’re going to discuss various interpolation methods, functions that are useful for modeling the yield curve. Date: 2025-02-06. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Fixed Income, Yield Curves, Interpolation, Bootstrapping, Nelson-Siegel, Smith-Wilson.
- [Black–Scholes, Calibration, and Implied Volatility](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-02/): Hanlon 2 is occupied by the system administrator, Zheng Xing. He will move his class so that we can occupy there. They will need to remote desktop into the lab. Date: 2025-02-04. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Black-Scholes, Calibration, Implied Volatility, Stochastic Volatility.
- [Bond Pricing, Duration, and DV01](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/advanced-derivatives-week-01/): Take-home exam format, 24/48 hours, lots of writing code, during finals week. Date: 2025-01-30. Source: Advanced Derivatives. Topics: Fixed Income, Bonds, Yield Curves, Bond Pricing, DV01, Duration, Convexity.
- [The Cost of Transit Delays](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-01-28-the-cost-of-transit-delays/): As a frequent user of public transit, I know how impactful delays are both on my productivity and my mental health. Being stuck in Secaucus Junction because of some nonsense happen… Date: 2025-01-28T14:46:42.541Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Transportation, Public Policy.
- [Stochastic Processes and Computational Pricing](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/computational-methods-week-01/): I’m out on vacation this week, so I watched the recording Date: 2025-01-28. Source: Computational Methods in Quantitative Finance. Topics: Computational Methods, Stochastic Processes, Numerical Methods, Option Pricing.
- [Rust 1.84: Three Infrastructure Changes](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2025-01-10-rust-1-84-three-infrastructure-changes/): A new version of the Rust language has been released: Rust 1.84.0! Date: 2025-01-10T13:25:09.372Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Rust, Developer Tools.
- [Exotic Options](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/exotic-options/): The final FE-610 notes apply the earlier stopping-time and maximum results to path-dependent payoffs. A barrier option depends on whether the underlying crosses a level before expi… Date: 2024-12-12. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Exotic Options, Barrier Options.
- [Options and Volatility](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/options-and-volatility/): The final FE-535 notes turn to nonlinear risk through options. An option's payoff is convex, so a small change in the underlying can have a different effect depending on where the … Date: 2024-12-12. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Options, Volatility.
- [Default Fields in Rust Structs](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2024-12-08-default-fields-in-rust-structs/): A recent RFC (request for comment) for the Rust language has divided the community: default fields in structs. Date: 2024-12-08T16:50:39.228Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Rust, Programming Languages.
- [Hedging Bonds](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/bond-hedging/): The bond-hedging lab combines duration, futures, and forward positions. A portfolio can be made locally insensitive to a yield move by matching its dollar duration with an offsetti… Date: 2024-12-05. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Bonds, Hedging.
- [Rust 1.83 Brings More `const`](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2024-11-28-rust-1-83-brings-more-const/): A happy Thanksgiving to all! Today, in addition to my loved ones, I'm grateful for a brand-new version of Rust, now with more const! const evaluation is one of the most important s… Date: 2024-11-28T16:16:30.611Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Rust, Programming Languages.
- [Poisson Processes](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/poisson-processes/): The FE-610 notes introduce Poisson processes as counting processes with independent increments and a constant arrival intensity. For a rate \(\lambda\), the number of arrivals by t… Date: 2024-11-28. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Poisson Processes, Jump Diffusion.
- [Linear Hedging](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linear-hedging/): The linear-risk notes approximate a portfolio's change by its sensitivities to risk factors. A hedge chooses positions whose factor exposures offset the portfolio's exposures, ofte… Date: 2024-11-21. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Hedging, Linear Risk.
- [Stochastic Differential Equations](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/stochastic-differential-equations/): The SDE section writes a state process as a drift plus a diffusion term, Date: 2024-11-21. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, SDEs, Diffusions.
- [Multidimensional Market Models](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/multidimensional-market-models/): The multidimensional market model in the FE-610 notes has several stocks driven by several Brownian factors. Prices, drifts, volatilities, and correlations become vectors and matri… Date: 2024-11-14. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Market Models, Girsanov.
- [Risk-Neutral Valuation and Interest Rate Parity](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/risk-neutral-valuation-and-parity/): The risk-neutral valuation notes use a pricing measure under which discounted tradable prices are martingales. The expected payoff is discounted at the funding rate rather than for… Date: 2024-11-14. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Risk-Neutral Valuation, Interest Rate Parity.
- [Joint and Conditional Distributions](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/joint-and-conditional-distributions/): The final FE-540 notes work with a joint law rather than treating each variable in isolation. A conditional density is obtained by normalizing the joint density with the relevant m… Date: 2024-11-11. Source: FE-540 \| Probability Theory. Topics: Probability Theory, Conditional Distributions, Covariance.
- [Forward Contracts](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/forward-contracts/): The forward-contract notes build value from replication. A forward fixes the delivery price today, while the underlying can be financed or invested until maturity. The forward pric… Date: 2024-11-07. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Forward Contracts, Futures.
- [Risk-Neutral Measures](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/risk-neutral-measures/): The risk-neutral section motivates a change of measure rather than assuming investors literally expect the risk-free rate. Discounted tradable prices should be martingales under a … Date: 2024-11-07. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Risk-Neutral Pricing, Girsanov.
- [A Rainbow on Election Day](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2024-11-06-a-rainbow-on-election-day/): A brief pause from election-day politics to notice an unexpected rainbow. Date: 2024-11-06T19:56:37.382Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Campus Life, Personal.
- [Random Vectors and Independence](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/random-vectors-and-independence/): The later FE-540 notes package several random variables into a random vector, such as \(X=(X_1,X_2)\). The joint distribution records probability over rectangles and more general s… Date: 2024-11-04. Source: FE-540 \| Probability Theory. Topics: Probability Theory, Random Vectors, Independence.
- [Derivatives and Clearinghouses](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/derivatives-and-clearinghouses/): The derivatives notes frame a contract as a way to move or reshape risk. Futures and standardized options trade through a clearinghouse, while bilateral contracts expose each party… Date: 2024-10-31. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Derivatives, Clearinghouses.
- [Stochastic Calculus Review](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/stochastic-calculus-review/): The FE-610 review consolidates the first half of the course: probability spaces and filtrations, martingales, Brownian motion, quadratic variation, the Itô integral, Itô's formula,… Date: 2024-10-31. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Review, Pricing.
- [Student's t and Heavy-Tailed Distributions](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/student-t-and-heavy-tailed-distributions/): After the gamma and beta families, the FE-540 notes turn to Student's \(t\) distribution and other shapes used when observations are more extreme than a Gaussian model suggests. St… Date: 2024-10-28. Source: FE-540 \| Probability Theory. Topics: Probability Theory, Student t, Heavy Tails.
- [Remembering the Boarding-School History](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2024-10-27-remembering-the-boarding-school-history/): A reflection on President Biden's apology for federal Indian boarding schools. Date: 2024-10-27T15:20:30.081Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Education, Native American History.
- [Interest Rate Risk and Duration](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/interest-rate-risk-and-duration/): The interest-rate-risk notes approximate how a bond portfolio changes when yields move. Duration is the first-order sensitivity of price to yield; convexity captures the curvature … Date: 2024-10-24. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Interest Rate Risk, Duration.
- [Multidimensional Itô Calculus](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/multidimensional-ito-calculus/): When several state variables move together, the FE-610 notes replace the scalar Itô formula with its multidimensional version. The Hessian term contains both variances and cross-va… Date: 2024-10-24. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Multidimensional Models, Correlation.
- [Gamma, Beta, and Chi-Squared Distributions](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/gamma-beta-and-chi-squared-distributions/): The FE-540 distribution notes connect several continuous families through the gamma function. The chi-squared family is a gamma distribution with parameters \(n/2\) and \(1/2\), wh… Date: 2024-10-21. Source: FE-540 \| Probability Theory. Topics: Probability Theory, Gamma Distribution, Beta Distribution.
- [Black–Scholes](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/black-scholes/): The Black–Scholes notes start with a stock following geometric Brownian motion, Date: 2024-10-17. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Black–Scholes, Option Pricing.
- [Probability and Regression Review](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/probability-and-regression-review/): The first-exam review returns to probability, conditional expectation, and regression. A risk estimate is a conditional statement: it depends on the information set, the horizon, a… Date: 2024-10-17. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Probability, Regression.
- [Continuous Random Variables and Transformations](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/continuous-random-variables-and-transformations/): The continuous part of the FE-540 notes replaces sums with integrals. If \(X\) has density \(f_X\), then Date: 2024-10-14. Source: FE-540 \| Probability Theory. Topics: Probability Theory, Continuous Distributions, Change of Variables.
- [Bonds and the Time Value of Money](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/bonds-and-time-value-of-money/): The bond material in the FE-535 notes treats a fixed-coupon bond as a stream of future cash flows. Discounting those cash flows gives its present value, and the yield is the consta… Date: 2024-10-10. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Bonds, Time Value of Money.
- [Itô Calculus](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/ito-calculus/): Itô's formula is the stochastic analogue of the multivariable chain rule. If Date: 2024-10-10. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Ito Lemma, Geometric Brownian Motion.
- [Minneapolis Housing and Zoning](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2024-10-08-minneapolis-housing-and-zoning/): What Minneapolis changed in its zoning rules, and what happened to housing and rents. Date: 2024-10-08T21:50:44.977Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Housing, Urban Policy.
- [Stochastic Integrals](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/stochastic-integrals/): The FE-610 notes define an integral such as \(\int_0^T\Delta_t\,dW_t\) by starting with simple adapted processes. On each partition interval, the position \(\Delta_t\) is chosen fr… Date: 2024-10-03. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Stochastic Integrals, Ito Integral.
- [A CUPS Vulnerability Explained](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2024-09-27-cups-linux-vulnerability/): An overview of the 2024 CUPS printer-discovery vulnerability and its risk. Date: 2024-09-27T11:29:52.298Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Cybersecurity, Linux.
- [Brownian Motion](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/brownian-motion/): Brownian motion is the continuous limit of a scaled symmetric random walk. Its increments are independent and normally distributed, with \(W_t-W_s\sim N(0,t-s)\). It is a martingal… Date: 2024-09-26. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Brownian Motion, Quadratic Variation.
- [Brownian Motion and Geometric Growth](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/brownian-motion-risk-models/): The stochastic-process notes move from a random walk to Brownian motion and then to geometric Brownian motion. Brownian increments are normally distributed with variance proportion… Date: 2024-09-26. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Brownian Motion, Geometric Brownian Motion.
- [How rustc_codegen_clr Connects Rust to .NET](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2024-09-23-rust-mir-to-dotnet/): A short guide to Rust's compiler pipeline and a backend that targets .NET. Date: 2024-09-23T11:47:41.887Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Rust, Compilers.
- [Discrete Distributions and Moments](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/discrete-distributions-and-moments/): For a discrete random variable, the probability mass function gives the mass at each possible value: Date: 2024-09-23. Source: FE-540 \| Probability Theory. Topics: Probability Theory, Discrete Distributions, Moments.
- [Martingales and Random Walks](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/martingales-and-random-walks/): The FE-610 notes describe a martingale as an adapted process whose conditional expected future value equals its current value: Date: 2024-09-19. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Martingales, Random Walks.
- [Monte Carlo Risk Simulation](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/monte-carlo-risk-simulation/): The FE-535 lab notes use Monte Carlo methods to turn a model for returns into a distribution of portfolio outcomes. Simulate the relevant risk factors, revalue the portfolio on eac… Date: 2024-09-19. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Monte Carlo, Simulation.
- [Random Variables and CDFs](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/random-variables-and-cdfs/): The FE-540 notes define a random variable as a measurable function from the original sample space to the real line. Measurability means that inverse images of Borel sets are events… Date: 2024-09-16. Source: FE-540 \| Probability Theory. Topics: Probability Theory, Random Variables, CDFs.
- [What Washing Machines Can Teach Us About Tariffs](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2024-09-12-washing-machine-tariffs/): A look at the 2018 washing-machine tariffs, consumer costs, and U.S. manufacturing. Date: 2024-09-12T11:54:43.644Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Tariffs & Trade, Trade Policy.
- [Probability Spaces and Filtrations](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/probability-spaces-and-filtrations/): FE-610 begins with the probability-space machinery needed for continuous-time finance. The notes revisit sigma-algebras and probability measures, then add a filtration \((\mathcal … Date: 2024-09-12. Source: FE-610 \| Stochastic Calculus. Topics: Stochastic Calculus, Filtrations, Measure Theory.
- [Risk-Adjusted Performance](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/risk-adjusted-performance/): The performance notes compare return with the risk taken to earn it. The Sharpe ratio uses excess return divided by volatility, while beta measures sensitivity to a common market f… Date: 2024-09-12. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, CAPM, Risk-Adjusted Performance.
- [NVIDIA, Cisco, and Market Euphoria](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2024-09-10-nvidia-and-the-cisco-bubble/): Bill Smead compares current enthusiasm for AI with the dot-com era's Cisco boom. Date: 2024-09-10T13:30:09.913Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: AI, Financial Markets.
- [Probability Measures and Bayes' Rule](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/probability-measures-and-bayes-rule/): A probability measure \(\mathbb P\) assigns a number in \([0,1]\) to every event in \(\mathcal F\). The notes begin with \(\mathbb P(\Omega)=1\) and countable additivity for disjoi… Date: 2024-09-09. Source: FE-540 \| Probability Theory. Topics: Probability Theory, Conditional Probability, Bayes Rule.
- [Bessent on Tariffs and the Deficit](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2024-09-05-bessent-tariffs-and-deficits/): A response to Scott Bessent's arguments about tariffs, inflation, and fiscal policy. Date: 2024-09-05T11:41:31.361Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Tariffs & Trade, Fiscal Policy.
- [Risk Measurement and Portfolio Construction](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/risk-measurement-and-portfolio-construction/): FE-535 opens by separating the risk-management process from a single risk number: identify exposures, measure them, evaluate the result, and decide how the portfolio should be cons… Date: 2024-09-05. Source: FE-535 \| Risk Management. Topics: Risk Management, Portfolio Construction, Market Risk.
- [Probability Spaces](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/probability-spaces/): The first step in the FE-540 notes is to give random experiments a mathematical home. A probability space is a triple \((\Omega,\mathcal F,\mathbb P)\): \(\Omega\) is the sample sp… Date: 2024-09-02. Source: FE-540 \| Probability Theory. Topics: Probability Theory, Measure Theory, Sigma Algebras.
- [What the Price Gouging Prevention Act Says](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/linkedin-2024-08-27-price-gouging-prevention-act/): A summary of the 2024 bill's price-gouging language, defenses, and penalties. Date: 2024-08-27T18:32:34.267Z. Source: LinkedIn. Topics: Consumer Protection, Public Policy.
- [Floating Point Architecture](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/floating-point-architecture/): Floating point numbers are complicated enough in the abstract. How do systems programmers and hardware designers cope with the complexity of floating point? Date: 2022-05-31. Source: Archive. Topics: floating-point, Computer Architecture.
- [IEEE-754](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/ieee-754/): IEEE-754 is the standard for floating point computation around the world. Thus, any real-world discussion of floating point must include it. Date: 2022-05-31. Source: Archive. Topics: floating-point, Computer Architecture.
- [Floating Point](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/floating-point/): Floating point representation is a complex topic full of nuance. To understand it, we must focus on the abstract method used to represent non-integer numbers. Date: 2022-05-28. Source: Archive. Topics: floating point, Computer Architecture.
- [Network Security](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/network-security/): The internet has taken over the world, but with it have come malicious actors. People want to spy on you, scam you, steal from you, or harm you through the internet. Through networ… Date: 2022-04-22. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [A Crash Course in Python](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/python-crash-course/): Python is a powerful jack-of-all-trades language that is much less limited than OCaml. Date: 2022-04-14. Source: Archive. Topics: Principles of Programming Languages.
- [Disks](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/disks/): Persistent storage is essential to every system that we can think of, and we can hardly think of a computer without it. However, managing disks is not as simple as it might appear … Date: 2022-04-14. Source: Archive. Topics: Operating Systems Design.
- [Particles](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/particles/): Tiny particles are affected in different ways than we are by waves. There are several different effects that must be discussed. Date: 2022-04-12. Source: Archive. Topics: Physics.
- [Multimedia Networking](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/multimedia/): Streaming multimedia is a relatively new concept in internet technology, but now has become central to the daily media consumption of people around the world. Date: 2022-04-07. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Control in Prolog](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/prolog-control/): Conditional statements are very powerful and are in used in almost every language. How does Prolog implement the same idea? Date: 2022-04-05. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology, Principles of Programming Languages.
- [Special Relativity](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/special-relativity/): Albert Einstein revolutionized the world of physics when he discovered the special theory of relativity. It is only possible due to his contributions that valuable technologies lik… Date: 2022-04-05. Source: Archive. Topics: Physics.
- [Waves](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/waves/): Light is curious because it is both a particle and a wave, which makes it behave strangely in certain contexts. When projected through a slit, some strange fringes will appear, whi… Date: 2022-03-29. Source: Archive. Topics: Physics.
- [The Link Layer](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/link-layer/): Through all the layers of the internet, the most essential is the link layer: converting bits to and from signals, detecting errors, flow control, and addressing. Date: 2022-03-28. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Prolog](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/prolog/): Prolog is a special programming language that is not like many others. It exemplifies the paradigm of logic programming. Date: 2022-03-24. Source: Archive. Topics: Principles of Programming Languages.
- [Threads](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/threads/): Concurrency is a powerful tool to increase performance in applications. This is usually accomplished using threads. Date: 2022-03-23. Source: Archive. Topics: Operating Systems Design.
- [Routing Algorithms](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/routing-algorithms/): When a host needs to find the best destination/prefix to another host, what routing algorithm does it use? We can use either intra or inter domain. Date: 2022-03-21. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Swapping](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/swapping/): Sometimes we don't have a lot of memory to access. In those cases, we need a place to put our data. The natural solution is to put data in the disk, which has very high storage. Th… Date: 2022-03-21. Source: Archive. Topics: Operating Systems Design.
- [Routers](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/routers/): Everyone nowadays gets the Internet through the router in their home. But what is a router? Date: 2022-03-10. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Mirrors](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/mirrors/): Mirrors can interact with light in interesting ways. In fact, reflection and refraction are probably most people's engagement with laws of physics surrounding light in their daily … Date: 2022-03-08. Source: Archive. Topics: Physics.
- [Lambda Calculus](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/lambda-calculus/): When we discuss the principles of programming languages, lambda calculus is the bedrock of our discussion. It is the most abstract, formal way to describe functions and application… Date: 2022-03-03. Source: Archive. Topics: Principles of Programming Languages.
- [More Internet Protocols](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/other-protocols/): Besides the primary Internet protocols, there are some others to learn about, like DHCP, NAT, IPv6, etc. Date: 2022-03-03. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Electromagnetic Waves](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/electromagnetic-waves/): We have discussed electric fields and magnetic fields, and the way that they change and interact. The full interaction of these fields will create electromagnetic waves, the study … Date: 2022-03-01. Source: Archive. Topics: Physics.
- [ISP Addressing](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/isp-addressing/): How does an ISP assign IP addresses to its customers? Date: 2022-02-28. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Making a Website with Zola, Github Pages, and Github Actions](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/making-a-website/): Making a website in the modern era is not easy to do for free. I did it using Zola, Github Pages, and Github Actions. I've always wanted to have a personal website where I can uplo… Date: 2022-02-26. Source: Archive. Topics: zola, github actions, website, Meta.
- [Currying Arguments in a Function](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/curry/): Currying is the concept of having multiple arguments in a function. OCaml defaults to currying its functions. int - int - int is a function that takes two ints and returns an int. Date: 2022-02-21. Source: Archive. Topics: Principles of Programming Languages.
- [HTTP Explained](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/http/): HTTP is probably the most visible Internet protocol to end users. It appears (as well as its cousin, HTTPS) at the beginning of every URL we use to access the internet. But how doe… Date: 2022-02-20. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Paging](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/paging/): The main problem that segments have introduced to managing memory space is that their variable size wastes memory through fragmentation. Fixed-size pieces that are easier to handle… Date: 2022-02-20. Source: Archive. Topics: Operating Systems Design.
- [TCP Explained](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/tcp/): TCP is the well-known protocol for reliable transfer of data. But how does it actually work? Date: 2022-02-20. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Electromagnetic Induction](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/induction/): The final piece to the puzzle of electromagnetism here is electromagnetic induction, where we use magnets to create current. Date: 2022-02-18. Source: Archive. Topics: Physics.
- [Data Types in OCaml](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/data-types/): When we make our programs more and more complex, we need more complex data types as well. We have only used OCaml's built-in data types, how can we construct our own data types? Date: 2022-02-17. Source: Archive. Topics: Principles of Programming Languages.
- [Operational Semantics](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/operational-semantics/): What are the formal semantics of how a programming language works, mathematically? That's a broad topic. Operational semantics, which are how programs execute, are narrow enough fo… Date: 2022-02-17. Source: Archive. Topics: Principles of Programming Languages.
- [Tail Recursion in OCaml](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/tail-recursion/): Recursion in many languages can cause significant overhead. It might seem that the excess amount of recursion in OCaml would decrease its performance. But it actually doesn't, and … Date: 2022-02-15. Source: Archive. Topics: Principles of Programming Languages.
- [UDP Explained](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/udp/): The simplest transport protocol that is used communicate between sockets is known as UDP, the User Datagram Protocol. Date: 2022-02-14. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Magnets](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/magnets/): The question of how magnets work has [long puzzled many](https://www.youtube.com/shorts/8bhYMnHb5JY). We will endeavor to answer all of those questions today. Date: 2022-02-11. Source: Archive. Topics: Physics.
- [SMTP Explained](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/smtp/): Email is the most popular way in the world to send large messages. This is a complicated process which requires its own protocol: SMTP. Date: 2022-02-10. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Higher Order Functions in OCaml](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/higher-order-functions/): We can do a lot of cool things with functions besides calling them in OCaml. Date: 2022-02-08. Source: Archive. Topics: Principles of Programming Languages.
- [FTP Explained](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/ftp/): Before we had Google Drive, users needed a way to access files from other people quickly and easily. The method for that was FTP. Date: 2022-02-07. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Memory Virtualization](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/memory-virtualization/): Accessing physical memory can cause big issues if we do it directly. How can we virtualize the memory like the CPU so we can use it efficiently and safely? Date: 2022-02-07. Source: Archive. Topics: Operating Systems Design.
- [Lets, Tuples, and Records in OCaml](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/lets-tuples-records/): Lists are the most basic data structure in OCaml, but there are others that we need to be aware of. Date: 2022-02-03. Source: Archive. Topics: Principles of Programming Languages.
- [Circuits](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/circuits/): Circuits are the method by which all electricity travels throughout the world and power every single device in existence. It is therefore crucial to understand them while understan… Date: 2022-02-01. Source: Archive. Topics: Physics.
- [DNS Explained](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/dns/): We need protocols to define the way that messages are interpreted. Date: 2022-01-31. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Packet Switching vs Message Switching](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/packet-switching/): How do we get the best performance in sending information over the internet? What is packet switching and how can it help? Performance is bottlenecked by propagation delay and tran… Date: 2022-01-31. Source: Archive. Topics: Internet Technology.
- [Scheduling](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/schedulers/): The way that the operating system decides which processes to run and when is a complicated process known as scheduling. This is how it works. Date: 2022-01-31. Source: Archive. Topics: Operating Systems Design.
- [Lists in OCaml](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/lists/): Lists are the most basic data structure in OCaml. The most analoguous structure is a vector in C++ or Rust. Lists are homogenous and of arbitrary length. Date: 2022-01-27. Source: Archive. Topics: Principles of Programming Languages.
- [Electric Potential](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/electric-potential/): Besides electrical charge and field, there's another force that is relevant to electricity: electric potential. Date: 2022-01-25. Source: Archive. Topics: Physics.
- [Functions in OCaml](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/functions/): A function takes arguments, performs operations using them, and returns a value. In OCaml, we can write functions like so Date: 2022-01-25. Source: Archive. Topics: Principles of Programming Languages.
- [Electrostatics](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/electrostatics/): What is electricity, and how does it work? Date: 2022-01-18. Source: Archive. Topics: Physics.
- [CPU Virtualization](https://sharifhsn.dev/blog/cpu-virtualization/): We need a way to map on to the physical CPU through our operating system. We do this through virtualization. Date: 2022-01-04. Source: Archive. Topics: Operating Systems Design.